This book explains how Dr. Chauncey Leake and Dr. Ralph Waters schemed to besmirch the reputation of the nurse-anesthetists who dominated anesthesia service in the aftermath of WWI, and replace the nurses with MD anesthesiologists. They did this by fabricating false accounts of medical disasters and perverted animal research to support the notion that carbon dioxide is “toxic waste, like urine, that must be rid from the body.” In so doing they defamed the reputation of Dr. Yandell Henderson, whose CO2 research had proved that carbon dioxide provides perhaps the most potent and practical medical treatment yet discovered, devastated the nurse anesthesia profession that had embraced Henderson’s science as part of their anesthesia technique. Their powerful political strategy successfully established the anesthesiology profession, but left it enmeshed with a set of false medical principles that have exaggerated surgical morbidity and mortality ever since. Every person who faces surgery should read this book.